Case Studies & Lectures

Case Study 1 : KL Tower
- highest concrete building - 421 metre in height
- 3 phases
- 1st phase : widening Jalan Puncak in Oct'91
- 2nd phase : construction of foundation & basement of the tower
- escavate ( pour in the soil )
- 3rd phase : 'superstructure' by May 1992
* the construction of the building need to consider the wind pressure, etc.

Concrete Finishes
Finishes : touch up for final work ( pedestrian walkway, flooring, wall )

*Engraving
> using special tools & equipments to cut patterns and designs
> permanent
> can be enhanced by staining

*Stamped Concrete
> pattern resembles bricks, slate, flagstone, stone, tiles & wood
>> Overlay revamps, pool decks

*Polished Concrete
> new product, no-wax flooring material
> grind the concrete floor surfaces into a high-gloss finishes
>> Driveway, house flooring

Case Study 2 : Petronas Twin Towers ( SkyBridge )
-established in 28 August 1999
-Cesar Pelli & Associates
-1483 feet ( 452 metres )
-glass & steel construction
-geometric principles - Islamic architecture
> to symbolise grace, strength, unity, harmony, stability
and rationality
-depth ( foundation ) > 21 metres
-skybridge ( double-storey) > linking, facilitating movement between two towers
* in case of fire
-location : levels 41 & 42
-height : 170 metres above street level
-weight : about 750 tonnes
-stainless steel cladding : 65,000 square metres
-steel used : 36910 tonnes of beams, trusses and reinforcement
-two hinge arch supporting the bridge
* Cladding : one type of finishes, applying on the building's skin
-railings
-2 mian joints : beam to column
: beam to ceiling
`> support the building
-beam to ceiling : connection : bolting ( like screwing )
-both block ends are welded to the towers, sunshade joint
-the two-hinge arch supporting the bridge has rotational pins ( spherical bearings ) at the
`> allow bridge legs to flex by wind movement
~end of each leg

>Foundation of KLCC
-friction piles
-concrete usage :- 13200 cubic metres of concrete ( enough to build 130 double-storey link houses )
-original plan - soil is watery, with soft soil, limestone soil.
-switch to the other plan - somewehere far from the soft soil.
*Tower 1 & 2 are built by different contractors.
*Tower 1 started to build first.
Both contractors compete among themselves to build the mega structures.
*Tower 1 leads the game, but suddenly it builds slightly slanted ( not vertical )
However, problem solved.
*Sky bridge - fixing : had encountered 3 thunderstorm when the fixing part was going on.